Its first line connected collieries near Shildon with Stockton-on-Tees and Darlington and was officially opened on September 27, 1825. It was the world’s first public railway to use steam locomotives. Stockton and Darlington Railway A railway company that operated in northeast England from 1825 to 1863. This used a system designed and patented in 1811 by John Blenkinsop. The first railway of this kind was the Middleton Railway between Middleton and Leeds in West Yorkshire, England, UK, where the first commercially successful steam locomotive, Salamanca, ran in 1812. The trains are fitted with one or more cog wheels or pinions that mesh with this rack rail. Key Terms rack and pinion railway A steep grade railway with a toothed rack rail, usually between the running rails. The line opened in 1830 with termini at Liverpool Road, Manchester and Edge Hill, Liverpool. The Stephensons were accordingly given the contract to produce locomotives for the L&MR. The trials were won by Rocket, built by George Stephenson and Robert Stephenson. These were arranged as an open contest that would let them see all the locomotive candidates in action, with the choice to follow.
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